Henry VIII,the Regin
Part Three - New Papal Policy
Above - Giovanni di Lorenzo de’ Medici, Pope Leo X
Henry VIII, the Reign
Part 3
New Papal Policy
Victory over French and Scots – New Pope Calls for Peace – Marriage
Arrangements for Mary and Charles – Wolsey’s French Friendship
Arrangements for Mary and Charles – Wolsey’s French Friendship
Battle of the Spurs
Margaret Habsburg
Without Ferdinand but with the support of the Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian, and his daughter Margaret of Austria, Duchess of Savoy and regent of the Netherlands, Henry’s army invaded France from the north. The English were victorious at the Battle of the Spurs at Guinegate in August 1513 and then took Tournai from the French. Meanwhile, back at home with England under the regency of Catherine of Aragon, Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey, won an even more spectacular victory against the Scots at Flodden in September 1513.
Henry and his troops returned home to prepare, hopefully, for another invasion the following year.
Henry and his troops returned home to prepare, hopefully, for another invasion the following year.
New Pope Calls for Peace
Henry's Sister Mary
While the English had been battling with the French and the Scots, Giovanni di Lorenzo de’ Medici, Pope Leo X, established himself in the papal office. The new pope was set on a different path. His was one of harmony and accord. He reversed the policy against France of his predecessor and called for peace among Christian nations.
In France, King Louis XII was old, he was and weary of schism and war, and in October 1513 he gratefully submitted to the new pope’s initiative.
In France, King Louis XII was old, he was and weary of schism and war, and in October 1513 he gratefully submitted to the new pope’s initiative.
Double-dealing of Ferdinand
Wolsey was forced to consider an about-turn. While Henry was still bent on the conquest of France, the pope’s holy war had been called off and the new clerical policy necessitated befriending France.
The double-dealing of Ferdinand complicated the English position once again. In an agreement back in 1507 between Henry VII and Maximilian, Henry VIII’s younger sister, Mary, had been pledged by treaty to marry the future Charles V, grandson of Maximilian. The terms of the treaty determined that the marriage must take place by May 1514, but now Charles’s paternal grandfather, Ferdinand, declined his consent for the union.
Mary was eighteen years of age and Charles was fourteen, and Charles protested that he wanted a wife not a mother. Unaware of these developments, however, Henry VIII and his sister continued to make lavish wedding arrangements.
The double-dealing of Ferdinand complicated the English position once again. In an agreement back in 1507 between Henry VII and Maximilian, Henry VIII’s younger sister, Mary, had been pledged by treaty to marry the future Charles V, grandson of Maximilian. The terms of the treaty determined that the marriage must take place by May 1514, but now Charles’s paternal grandfather, Ferdinand, declined his consent for the union.
Mary was eighteen years of age and Charles was fourteen, and Charles protested that he wanted a wife not a mother. Unaware of these developments, however, Henry VIII and his sister continued to make lavish wedding arrangements.
Christoper Bainbridge
Archbishop of York
Christopher Bainbridge
Meanwhile, Leo X pursued his quest for unity among all Christian nations and the treacherous Ferdinand slapped Henry down again by opening negotiations with Louis of France.
Wolsey, in the meantime, was elevated to Bishop of Lincoln as a reward for his impressive work during Pope Julius’s war.
He too, despite Henry’s continued preparations for war, was adopting the papal strategy and preparing to negotiate with France.
England’s man in Rome, however, was Cardinal and Archbishop of York Christopher Bainbridge. He was staunchly anti-French and an obstinate obstacle to Wolsey’s policy.
Wolsey, in the meantime, was elevated to Bishop of Lincoln as a reward for his impressive work during Pope Julius’s war.
He too, despite Henry’s continued preparations for war, was adopting the papal strategy and preparing to negotiate with France.
England’s man in Rome, however, was Cardinal and Archbishop of York Christopher Bainbridge. He was staunchly anti-French and an obstinate obstacle to Wolsey’s policy.
Guinegate 15 August 1513
Notes and Links
Battle of the Spurs
Battle of Floden
Proposals from France to Spain for an alliance LP 144
Ferdinand's assessment of matters concerning Christendom in December 1513 LP 146
Treaty between Henry VIII King, Maximilian and King Ferdinand for war against France LP 148
Mary's wedding preparations LP 2656
Battle of Floden
Proposals from France to Spain for an alliance LP 144
Ferdinand's assessment of matters concerning Christendom in December 1513 LP 146
Treaty between Henry VIII King, Maximilian and King Ferdinand for war against France LP 148
Mary's wedding preparations LP 2656
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